Emotional Abuse of Children †Childhood Development Essay

Emotional Abuse of Children – Childhood Development Essay Free Online Research Papers Emotional Abuse of Children Childhood Development Essay Emotional abuse differs from the perceptions that many hold of abuse, as the infliction is not physical but rather verbal or psychological damage. Its intangibility and subjectivity to interpretation has problematized its recognition within the public sphere as well difficulty and incongruence in defining emotional abuse as a separate entity from other forms of abuse. This has posed a significant challenge in conducting meaningful research resulting in emotional abuse being â€Å"the least studied of all the forms of child maltreatment and its etiology is less developed† (Tomison and Tucci 1997 p2) While the exact definitional understanding and measurement of emotional abuse are difficult to determine, many of the implications of this form of abuse can be conceptualised based upon many of the experiences of children and its impact and effect can be understood. Emotional abuse may exist independently or in coexistence with other forms of abuse and is â€Å"increasingly considered to be the core issue in all forms of child abuse and neglect† (Tomison and Tucci 1997 p2) along with one of the most prevalent producing amongst the most destructive consequences (Tomison and Tucci 1997). The effects of emotional abuse are understood developmentally by researchers (Gabarino 1978 in Tomison and Tucci 1997) particularly in understanding children. Due to the characterisation of emotional abuse as a pattern of behaviour over a period of time rather than an isolated occurrence, we can see that although emotional abuse may be less easy to define its impact and effect on children’s development and wellbeing is detrimental. Significant to this is also children witnessing domestic violence which is gaining a growing recognition as having an immensely damaging effect on children and is of significant concern as it is the most common reason for a child to be referred to DoCS or other child protection agencies (Irwin, Waugh and Wilkinson 2002) The impact of emotional abuse on children may be particularly difficult for them to define as researchers have often found emotional abuse to be deep rooted and intergenerational within the family structure, often undermining or degrading a child’s development (Tomison and Tucci 1997) The effect of this behaviour can have far reaching short and long term effects and be extensively detrimental. The effect of and an individual’s reaction to emotional abuse will be determined by a multiple factors such as the individual circumstances and experience of abuse. A multitude of damaging effects of emotional abuse of children are evident, impinging on the ability of a child to develop and experience a sense of wellbeing and being loved. Such effects may include low self-esteem and poor self-confidence, feelings of guilt, shame and worthlessness, confusion over the abuse and their sense of identity, high anxiety levels, withdrawal from social interaction, aggression and behavioural difficulties, physical reactions such as illness, interpersonal and communication problems including problems expressing emotion or age inappropriate behaviour (Napcan 2005) The longer-term effects of emotional child abuse may vary taking into account the subjective experience of the individual and variable factors including the nature, duration, severity, perpetrator, family, support and interventions of the abusive behaviour and the construction of this behaviour within the individual experience. Some of these effects may include the inability to form positive relationships with others including the reoccurrence or recreation of abusive relationships as the victim or abuser, drug use, homelessness, limited life skills, mental health issues and self-destructive or suicidal behaviours. (Napcan 2005) Research has also suggested a strong link between child abuse and trauma including post traumatic stress disorder with the victim facing fundamental and multiple issues with the â€Å"defences formed in childhood becoming increasingly maladaptive.† (Herman 1997 p114) Research has also begun to question the role and effect of emotional abuse relative to other forms of abuse. It has been suggested that children who experience emotional abuse are more likely to experience other forms of abuse in conjunction with this (Higgins 2004). This raises the question of if these children comprehend the full impact of emotional abuse within the context of other forms of abuse and the devastating impact of multiple and repetitive abuse in the lives of children. Emotional abuse remains an area within the domestic violence and child abuse spectrum which is relatively under researched and explored with its impacts and effects conceptually less developed and the experiences of its victims often unheard, underrepresented within research and statistics. Unfortunately in many instances children are unsupported or even unaware of the magnitude and wrongful nature of the emotionally abusive actions and behaviours inflicted upon them. Children are particularly vulnerable members of our society, segregated and marginalised, relatively open to discrimination and abuse and often unable to express and represent their rights and best interests. Their developmental stage and limited access to information and resources are often used against them and the power held by adults and family members may be abused without a child fully comprehending why. Children may also be unable to determine what is and what is not appropriate or caring behaviour towards them, particularly in deconstructing the experience of emotional abuse, which may be multifaceted and complex, not always simply categorised by specific actions or behaviour. Younger children may also be less comfortable discussing violence within or outside the family feeling that they are powerless or even at fault. Many of the effects of emotional abuse such as low self esteem, depression, aggression and withdrawal may act as barriers in communicating their abuse or in having their disclosure of an abusive situation taken seriously. This may proliferate the growing distrust a child may feel towards adults and the care giving institution that has failed to support them and fulfil their needs. Children may have been told by their abuser or others that nobody will listen to their allegations of abuse or that worse results will ensue with disclosure. The child may also be attached to their abuser and may not want to be separated from them, rather wishing for the abuse to simply stop. Particularly relevant within emotionally abusive situations is whether a child will recognise the behaviour and actions inflicted upon them as abuse. With definitional problems and contradictions remaining in negotiating the construction of emotional abuse, a child may be unable to locate this behaviour as abusive and may be interpreting it as just having an argumentative, cold, unkind or emotionally unavailable caregiver. Children within emotionally abusive situations face multiple challenges and marginalisation as underrepresented groups in both their experiences as children and as those experiencing emotional abuse. Advocacy and research for children experiencing this abuse is very limited and thus has not yet been thrust into the discourse of the public sphere in the same manner as child sexual and physical abuse. This is problematic as it can lead to the further disengagement and exclusion of this group even within the abuse context and is not conducive to helping children and families understand and prevent emotional abuse. Multiple issues face children in accessing services and assistance with emotional abuse. Children, especially younger children are very dependent upon their parents and caregivers and thus may not be aware of or be capable of accessing services. Younger children may not be cognitively or developmentally able to process and label their experiences of emotional harm or violence as abuse or even conceptually construct an understanding of abuse is. Attachment and dependency also forms a major challenge, as children are unwilling to recognise problems and compromise their relationships with their parents. Children are often confused as they unconditionally love their parents and are perhaps more willing to accumulate personal responsibility and self blame for the events or dismiss them hoping that the abuse will end. This may facilitate patterns of abuse to continue with children remaining unwilling to take action against their parents. If children are willing to seek help they may be unsure of where to turn and daunted by the services available which are often adult centred. A focus within service provision limited to sexual and physical abuse may also be problematic, as the understanding and support networks established rarely cater specifically and do not always cater inclusively for the emotionally abused child, drawing back upon the lack of recognition of the scope and impact of emotional and psychological abuse. Children may also be unable to access assistance due to their close proximity to the abuser if they are a primary caregiver and the risks involved. The child may fear retribution is discovered and may be fearful that their disclosure will not be listened to or believed, potentially proliferating their already volatile situation opening themselves to further harm and abuse. The social construction of the child and family within society are also important to examine in further conceptualising the framework within which the child abuse and maltreatment paradigm exists. The ideology of the family as a private unit with which society has little to no interaction or control over, although somewhat outdated, often resinates within the experience of the emotionally abused child. The movement towards the inclusion of the family within the public sphere and the significance of individual experience to the collective societal functioning in the spirit of C Wright Mill’s sociological imagination has played a major role in the understanding of family violence over recent years. This has promoted an inclusion of family issues into public concern but it still an ongoing issue within abusive situations with family issues and problems hidden within the private dimension. This along side outmoded views of children as resilient and unaffected by the emotional abuse inflicted upon them reiterates that although much progress has been made within child abuse prevention; underpinning ideological standing and outmoded principles are still present within out soci eties construction of childhood and abuse. Policy and programs devised approaching and addressing child abuse and children within family violence situations have undergone a comprehensive reframing over recent decades. A movement departing from reactive and post-abuse intervention to early intervention and educative strategies within a preventative and supportive framework has become increasingly evident (Tomison 2001) Societal reconceptualisations of family violence as a societal issue rather than a private matter are leading towards a more holistic approach with a greater emphasis on contextual understanding of a child within their family and social milieu.(Tomison 2001) Within policy making and the provision of services specifically child centred and catering for emotional abuse it could not be argued that they are excluded; however fail to be given the focus and attention needed to support the victims of this type of abuse Many generalist child protection legislation, frameworks and policies have been implemented which underpin and complement the work of programs and service providers approaching the emotional abuse of children. The United Nations international convention on the rights of the child and the Children and Young Persons (Care and Protection) Act 1998 provide the framework upon which many policies and practices are developed (Kovacs and Tomison 2003 p517) Policies regarding the mandatory reporting of child abuse and the working with children check have contributed to preventing the emotional abuse of children as well as direct and indirect government support in funding services and programs involved in child protection. The Department of Community Services (DoCS) is a fundamental provider of policy frameworks and services to New South Wales regarding child protection and abuse including the emotional abuse of children. They are involved the planning and implementation of appropriate policy making effecting the provision of child protection services and supported placement services for children. They are also involved in the funding and provision of many services interacting with children who have been emotionally abused at an investigation and intervention level. There are many general child abuse child focused interventions many of which include on some level emotional abuse support but with little services or programs specifically designed with a focus upon the emotional abuse of children. Child personal safety programs are particularly useful in educating children of types and occurrence of abuse working towards locating, preventing and disclosing a wide variety of child abuse and family violence. These programs are very useful in assisting children in understanding emotional abuse when it is included in the program and open up discussion and thought as to what constitutes emotional and other forms of abuse. Programs aimed specifically at children who have been the victims of child abuse are becoming increasingly regular and effective in the support and assistance of children. Within the context of emotional abuse many recent programs have been piloted and implemented with children witnesses and victims of domestic violence aiming to provi de meaningful early intervention, increase children’s self esteem, normalise feelings and discuss responsibility, safety and support. Although these services are often inclusive of children who have been victims of multiple forms of abuse not only emotional abuse, the occurrence and detrimental impact of emotional abuse is included as a significant factor within the program planning and structure. This is particularly relevant to children who are victims of emotional abuse and witnessing domestic violence. Programs such as Kids in Motion and Kids Tome undertaken by LifeCare family and intervention services and the Kids and the Children’s Domestic Violence Support Group run by Parramatta Community Health Centre and Family Court Counselling are examples of this (Australian Domestic Violence Clearinghouse 2005) Family focused interventions may also be undertaken but again are rarely specifically addressing the emotional abuse of children. These may include parental education programs to assist parents in gaining information and skills. These take a strengths based approach in child abuse prevention, working towards supported and appropriate parenting and greater parental awareness and insight into their own behaviour and actions and how this may effect their child. Home visiting services are often also utilised as an early intervention strategy in assisting parent’s access to support and services they may be unaware of or unable to access. This may be beneficial as a prevention of the emotional abuse of children however does not specifically approach this issue. Community focused interventions have played an important role in shaping community beliefs and attitudes regarding children, abuse and domestic violence. Campaigns have been undertaken on domestic violence in the past that have included specific reference to the effect of domestic abuse on children. However current community education campaigns such as the Partnership Against Domestic Violence has focused upon young women and physical violence rather than a more holistic approach looking at other forms of abuse or other victims. The overhaul and development of primary prevention programs and secondary prevention programs to include emotional child abuse and the implications for children within family violence situations is an essential step in facilitating a more informed and aware community. This will assist to empower children to understand various forms of abuse and behaviour that they can recognise as unsafe or abusive. Working from this approach two major concerns can be addressed. Firstly little research has been undertaken of child abuse prevention programs in Australia. (Richardson, Higgins and Bromfield 2005) Within the overhaul and development of new prevention programs, evaluation of existing programs including their content and effectiveness can be undertaken with the findings contributing into the planning and implementation of the most useful and appropriate programs to the needs of children. Secondly, the inclusion of a broad range of experiences of abuse of children and witnessed by children with a greater emphasis on the previously omitted or under explored issues of child emotional abuse and witnessing family violence. This will promote a greater knowledge base on emotional abuse and work towards assisting children suffering from emotional abuse and mistreatment. An approach to educating the whole community as well as at risk groups such as children, parents and families works within a strengths based social and community approach aiming to reaffirm the values and needs of the community and educate all on their rights, responsibilities regarding safety and protection of children. This assists individuals in gaining a further insight of what constitutes abuse and family violence and where they can turn to for help and assistance. This holistic child friendly approach may assist in the creation of â€Å"cohesive communities, high in social capital, facilitating community members working together for their mutual benefit to improve their community.† (Tomison 2005 p1) Working with the community as a whole within this context will enable the much needed focus and exploration of child emotional abuse. This will work towards creating greater safety, education, knowledge and support for children while carefully maintaining a child-focused approach as paramount concern without the exclusion of the community as a whole. Evaluation and research within the Australian context will also prove to be beneficial in ensuring the most relevant and appropriate services can be offered to victims of child abuse. This will also help ensure that prevention programs can be dynamic, relevant and specific catering for the diverse needs and interests within the community raising awareness of issues such and child emotional abuse which is often overlooked or its impact not completely understood. This research and holistic focus may assist in developing a co-ordinated and consistent framework from which to provide relevant and needed information and services on child abuse. The resources can be allocated to areas of need such as child emotional abuse to increase awareness, knowledge and prevention within the community. A greater recognition within the policy and service provision context of the interrelationship between emotional abuse and other forms of child abuse is necessary in attempting to provide an effective and holistic approach to child protection and support of victims of abuse. An initiative to â€Å"move beyond ‘turf boundaries’ between those working separately on the different types of child maltreatment† (Higgins 2004 p54) is very important in recognising the need for policies and services that work inclusively of the child’s entire abuse experience rather than compartmentalise abuse in separate stigmatised categories which may further traumatise or devalue the impact of the abuse upon the child. It is important to be able to provide services that are inclusive of a child’s experience and which are able to support them and assist them. Emotional abuse may be a significant form of abuse in the life of a child suffering also from physical or sexual abu se. A greater co-ordination and inclusiveness of specific and generalised services is needed so that the child seeking help does not feel marginalised or labelled as a victim of one type of abuse only. Ensuring that a plethora of options and assistance for the variety of issues and needs faced by children who have suffered abuse requires greater attention within current service provision. By doing this recognition of the complexity and multifaceted implications of various forms of child abuse is being actively worked towards. Service provision that is client centred and focused rather than based on the abuse suffered is empowering to the child seeking assistance and understanding of each child’s experience. Children’s thoughts, rights and opinions need to be of paramount concern within all levels of policy and program planning and provision as â€Å"the adult centred child protection discourse has conceptualised the child as a ‘becoming’ person and ignored the subjectivities of children as beings† (Mason and Falloon 1999 p9). This is an issue of particular concern in child emotional abuse as it is an area of child maltreatment that is under researched and resourced and within which a top down approach is often utilised failing to take into consideration the diverse experiences and needs of children suffering abuse. Further research and study into child abuse, in particular child emotional abuse and the impact of domestic violence on children will assist in activating the voices of children who have been unheard, unrepresented and in too many instances unsupported. Educating the children and community as a hole is a comprehensive approach to alleviating the imp act of child emotional abuse. This is taking a primary prevention approach to improving the knowledge base and resourcing a community to prevent child abuse before it happens and understand important child protection issues impacting children in every community. Working towards this as well as further assisting children who experience emotional abuse will greatly assist these children and the community in providing the information, resources and support for a significantly detrimental form of child abuse that has often been overlooked. References Australian Domestic Violence Clearinghouse (2005) Good Practice Programs. [online] Australian Domestic Violence Clearinghouse. Available From: austdvclearinghouse.unsw.edu.au/gp_simple.htm Herman, J.L. (1997) Trauma and Recovery. London: Pandora. Higgins, D. (2004) Differentiating Between Child Maltreatment Experiences. Family Matters. 69 (Spring / Summer 2004), 50-55 Irwin, J, Waugh, F, and Wilkinson, M. (2002) Domestic Violence and Child Protection. National Child Protection Clearinghouse Newsletter. 11 (1)Winter 2003 7-9. Kovacs, K; and Tomison, A.M. (2003) An Analysis of current Australian Program Initiatives for Children Exposed to Domestic Violence. Australian Journal of Social Issues. 38 (4) 513-521 Mason, J; and Falloon, J. (1999) A Children’s Perspective on Child Abuse. Children Australia. 24 (3) 9-13. Napcan (2005) What is Child Abuse? [online] Napcan Foundation Avalaible From: napcan.org.au/what.htm Richardson, N, Higgins, D and Bromfield, L (2005) Making the Right Choices about Child Protection Programs and Services. [online] Australian Institute of Family Studies, National Child Protection Clearinghouse. Available From: aifs.gov.au/institute/pubs/papers/mrccpps Rogers State University (2005) C Wright Mills Homepage. [online] Rogers State University Available From: faculty.rsu.edu/~felwell/Theorists/Mills/ Tomison, A. (2005) Child Friendly Communities – Tailoring a ‘Whole of Community’ Message. [online] Napcan National Advisory Council. Available From: napcan.org.au/documents/AdamT2005NTLaunch.pdf Tomison, A.M; and Tucci, J. (1997) Emotional Abuse: The Hidden Form of Maltreatment. [online] Australian Institute of Family Studies, National Child Protection Clearinghouse. Available From: aifs.gov.au/nch/issues8.html Bibliography Hirigoyen, M. (2004) Stalking The Soul – Emotional Abuse and the Erosion of Identity. New York: Helen Marx Books. Jaffe, P.G, Wolfe, D.A, and Wilson, S.K (1990) Children of Battered Women. London: Sage Publications Kids Help Line (2005) Child Abuse 2003 – 2004. [online] Kids Help Line. Available From: kidshelp.com.au/upload/9951.pdf O’Hagan, K (1996) Emotional and Psychological Abuse of Children. Buckingham: Open University Press Women’s Coalition Against Family Violence (1994) Blood on Whose Hands? The Killing of Women and Children in Domestic Homicides. Brunswick: Women’s Coalition Against Family Violence Research Papers on Emotional Abuse of Children - Childhood Development EssayThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andThree Concepts of PsychodynamicAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Moral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesGenetic Engineering

The Most Common Place Names in America

The Most Common Place Names in America Is there a place name that exists in all 50  U.S.  states? It depends on what you count as a city, town, or village- for example, whether a township name counts as a town and whether youll count county names as well, as they also contain populations. Sources vary widely as to what is the most prolific place name throughout the United States. This piece follows World Atlass numbers for count and MSN for the largest city with that name. Washington (88) Although Springfield is commonly thought of as the most prolific place name in the United States, Washington is the most common, according to World Atlas, with 88 place names. There are even more if you count places where Washington is only a portion of the name. Springfield (41) Springfield is in second place, coming in with 41 cities and towns named it, the first being in Massachusetts, naturally, in 1636, after a city in England. Its a long-running debate among fans of the animated TV series The Simpsons as to which state the family actually lives in, because Springfields are seemingly everywhere and the TV series makes a point never to specify which state theyre in. Franklin (35) In third place is Franklin, with 35 cities and towns named after founding father Benjamin Franklin, who was integral in the Declaration of Independence, served as an ambassador to France, and helped establish the U.S. Postal Service. The most populous Franklin city is in Tennessee and has  68,549 residents as of 2017. Greenville (31) A lot of city and town founders must have enjoyed the scenery where they put down roots, as the name Greenville is next, with 31 U.S. instances. The name appears coast to coast. One of the first founded was in South Carolina,  in 1786. Bristol (29) If there are any city names that sound as if it were plucked straight out of Britain, the place name of Bristol has to be at the top of that list. It has 29 cities and towns named after it in the United States, and in Britain, its historically been a commercial center and important seaport. Clinton (29) The first tie on the list comes up here, with the moniker of Clinton also notching 29 instances in the United States. New York state alone has three Clinton place names, the village, town,  and county of. The most populous city by that name is in Maryland, with more than 39,000 inhabitants, and the city in Arkansas wasnt named after its governor turned president but after New York governor DeWitt Clinton. Fairview (27) Fairview might be popular around the country as a name, but the cities across the United States must be fairly small if the most populous is the one in New Jersey at just over 14,000 residents. Founders of these cities must have liked the scenery around their location and realized that the name Greenville was already taken. Salem (26) Of the 26 Salems in the country, the one in  Massachusetts is where the infamous 1692 witch trials were.  The city in Oregon is the largest, though, coming in at just over  160,000 in population. Madison (24) Known for his work on  US Constitution and the Bill of Rights, fourth president James Madison has 24 place names sprinkled throughout the United States that carry his surname. The largest city is the capital of Wisconsin, which has  243,122  people living there. Georgetown (23)   Being that Washington is tops, its no surprise that George towns  also make this list. The United States has 23 Georgetowns, in fact, though some could have been named for other Georges or even the former king of England. Georgetown, Texas, is the largest city, with a population of  56,102.

1965 Selma to Montgomery march Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

1965 Selma to Montgomery march - Essay Example History 1). The civil war that had taken place previously had failed to eradicate the social barriers created by some institutions (U.S. History 1). In the south, after the war, there was the creation of laws that only highlighted issues of whites at the expense of African American (U.S. History 1). The situation remained until the beginning of the second part of 20th century. At this period various institutions begun to be sensitive to African American demands. The greatest progress was the school integration ruling of 1954 by the Supreme Court (U.S. History 1). Later, there was a development of peaceful protest by Dr. Martin Luther King Junior. Consequently, this led to increased marches, boycotts, sit-ins, and freedom rides in both the American south and parts of north (U.S. History 1). Moreover, public opinions changed and showed a significant deal of sympathy towards the African Americans. However, there remained obstacles to complete racial equality. Although legal equality had made progress for African Americans, there was reduced economic equality and social acceptance (U.S. History 1). Consequently, this led to increased activism in the 1960s. Malcolm X, the Black Power Movement leader, advocated for the policy of non-violence, and he inspired most of the movements in this period (U.S. History 1). A reflection on the civil rights movements helps in highlighting the role of Selma to Montgomery marches. ... History 1). Consequently, there was reduced hopes for achievements of equal rights among African Americans. Moreover, there was increased discrimination in various states, in the north and south. For example, there was approval of laws creating schools and public facilities for each race (U.S. History 2). One of such laws was the Jim Craw laws that reinforced the white supremacy that had diminished during the reconstruction era. The discrimination was seen as whites, and blacks carried activities in different areas such as in school and restaurants (U.S. History 2). In addition, there was also discrimination in public spending. For example, teachers in white schools were paid better wages, and white schools were well maintained while in black school teachers were paid poorly, and the situation was poor (U.S. History 2). Additionally, there was a failure of implementation of Brown decision on segregation in the south. In fact, one decade after the decision, fewer than ten percent in s outhern public schools had integrated (U.S. History 2). This is because the ruling failed to address the issue that led to segregation such as separate restrooms, bus seats, or hotel rooms (U.S. History 1). There are various reasons for the inspiration to revolution. One of the people that inspired revolution was Rosa Parks. She boarded a Montgomery bus and refused to pave the way for the white passengers (U.S. History 3). This was followed by her arrest, and she was fined $10 (U.S. History 3). Consequently, revolutions began in various parts of the country. One of the instrumental persons for the revolution was Martin Luther King Junior (U.S. History 3). After the Rosa Park development, he organized the boycott of Montgomery’s buses (U.S. History 3). They wanted for equal

Canada's cultural diversity purely reflects the overall history of the Essay

Canada's cultural diversity purely reflects the overall history of the country - Essay Example The increase in migration of between Canada and America has led to the transfer of cultural traits between these two countries. Canada’s culture as result of this interchange has developed diverse characteristics that are found in Europe and America, as well. The immigration from the neighboring countries to Canada has led to the development of diverse culture in the country. The diversified population of Canada is represented by several races that have migrated across the borders of Canada. These people vary in their food habits, language, culture and lifestyle. The integration of the indigenous culture with this diverse population has led to the cultural diversity of Canada. Background: reflection of the overall history of the country The cultural background of Canada in the overall history of the country could be termed as heterogeneous with people from different countries migrating to Canada and setting up establishments in the region. Thus the ethnic origin of the populat ion is heterogeneous. The people from different countries have come and settled in Canada. They are from different origins and background and thus the composition of the country’s demographics is diverse in nature. In the early stages of history, the population was mainly dominated by the British and the French. Over the years, due to increase in immigration from the other parts of Europe and America, the composition of the population and the cultural aspects of the Canadian land has undergone rapid changes. The mix of different cultures, religion and language has led to the diversity of the Canadian culture1. Before the First World War and the immense migration from other parts of Europe, the Canadian culture was mainly predominated by the British and the French. In the initial stages of history, Canada accepted immigrants mainly from the parts of Western Europe. Till 1960, the immigrants from United States, United Kingdom and France were preferred by the Canadian government . After 1960, the policy on immigration underwent changes that led to immigration from other nations. These immigrants were selected based on their educational and occupational skills. Thus the immigrants varied in terms of their background, origin and culture and integrated in the Canadian culture and economy. All these led to the diversity of the Canadian culture over the times in the different periods in history. Thesis The thesis statement includes identification of the underlying factors and reasons behind the cultural diversity of Canada and the benefits of the cultural diversity to the country. Analysis of primary & secondary sources: reasons behind cultural diversity in Canada The analysis of the reasons behind the cultural diversity of Canada has been done with the help of primary and secondary sources of information on the cultural diversity of Canada. The sources of information include the books and online articles and statistics on the Canadian culture. The statistical d ata collected for census of the country of Canada has also been used for undertaking the analysis. The major reasons for the diversity

The early part of Romeo and Juliet Essay Example for Free

The early part of Romeo and Juliet Essay A playwright wants the start of their play to catch the attention of the audience and make them want to keep watching the rest of the play to find out what happens. To do this they might start with something funny and humorous to make the audience laugh, or they might create a dramatic atmosphere to keep the audience on the edge of their seat. A playwright might also make the opening scene as action packed as possible to make the audience want more. Any of these ideas would achieve the aim of involving the audience. Shakespeare begins all of his plays differently but with something to get the audience hooked on the play. The way Shakespeare starts Macbeth is mysterious and very atmospheric, with something spooky and supernatural, but rather short and so the result is that the audience are left guessing, and the only way to find out what is going on is to watch the rest of the play. However he begins the tempest with an action paced ship wreck to instantly draw the attention of the audience by exciting them and making them want more action, which is a good way of grabbing the audience and keeping them on the edge of their seats. Shakespeare begins Romeo and Juliet in another different way that will grab the audiences attention. By describing the play in a sonnet, Shakespeare captures the audience, by telling them everything that is going to happen in this play. He tells them of the fighting and action, he tells them about two families living in hatred of one another, he tells them of a pair of star crossed lovers whos love was doomed from the start, he tells them that only the lovers deaths can bring the two families together. He tells the audience the main structure of the play, but not in enough detail to make the audience think they know the play and dont need to see it, just enough to blow their mind with the complicated twists of the story, so the audience is eager to see these points. Shakespeare gives that audience a taster of each aspect of the play. A pair of star crossed lovers informs the audience of the fait and love part. Civil blood makes civil hands unclean makes the audience realise how much bloodshed there has been between the two feuding families. Ancient grudge break new mutiny speaks of the grudge being refuelled and evolving into something a lot worse than it was before. But their childrens end, nought could remove symbolises two important details, the fact that young innocent people have been dragged into the fighting and that only terrible loss that losing a child can bring will make these people realise what is happening around them and how unnecessary this violence and hatred is. Act 1 scene 1 is a good and varied way to start this play with. The variety comes from the humorous beginning; the action packed fighting in the middle of the scene and the subdued conversation taking place at the end. This scene introduces important characters such as lord and lady Montague, lord and lady Capulet, who are heads of the houses that hold the grudge. We meet Tybalt, highly placed member of the Capulet household, Benvolio, also highly placed but a member of the Montague household, we meet the prince of Verona, some servants belonging to each house, and right at the end of the scene we meet Romeo Montague himself. The servants, who are the first characters to enter the play, set the scene up, preparing it for the main characters. The servants start with a light humorous conversation with rather a lot of word play that could be taken to have a rude or vulgar meaning. Shakespeare would have wanted to satisfy every section of his audience and this type of humour would appeal to the more rowdy onlookers. His word play included words such as choler meaning angry and then shortly after he would use the word coller when the servants are referring to a noose, around the neck. This lighthearted humour creates a jokey atmosphere that livens up the audience. The servants also use word play when they are talking about what they would like to do to the house of Montague, one servant saying he would like to chop off the heads of the maids or take their maidenheads or meaning virginity. The servants deliberately use language that could have a completely innocent meaning, or have a totally rude meaning, I am a pretty piece of flesh and poor-john, which is a type of dried fish, are examples of this. They also refer to their naked weapon which could have a rude or innocent meaning. All of these quotations create and add to the humorous, light atmosphere at the beginning of the scene. Shakespeare also uses the servants to start a lot of the action and provocation in the fighting part of the scene. The servants quickly change the atmosphere from one of jokes and humour to a serious, tense atmosphere that involves the audience and prepares them for the action of the public brawl. Because of these reasons, the servants were a good, lively and funny way for Shakespeare to start the play and get the audience interested. The next two characters that Shakespeare introduces the audience to, are as different as black and white. Benvolio is a more likeable character, he is fair and calm, and will try anything to keep the peace. Tybalt is a more aggressive, fiery, hot-tempered man who will try anything to get into a fight. Benvolio is a peaceful and pleasant person and it seems ironic after his attempts to stop the fight by trying to part the servants part fools! Put up your swords; you know not what you do, that he should be one of the people that take it a step further. Tybalts powerful, slightly over the top, statement of turn thee, Benvolio, and look upon thy death show his aggression perfectly. Benvolios peacefulness and Tybalts aggression clash and create lots of the dramatic tension that the audience sense at this point in the play. Shakespeare introduces lord Montague and lord Capulet at the beginning of the play to show their importance to the rest of the story. Shakespeare portrays the two lords to the audience as two grumpy old men with a pointless grudge that they just cant get rid of, or remember how it started! They are delivered to the audience as senile men with a one-track mind, getting the better of one another. Shakespeare also wanted to inform the audience of the fact that as long as these two old men continue to act the way they do, the servants will never stop provoking each other, and the feud will go on and on. The old mens behaviour is pretty childish and quotations such as, What noise is this? Give me my long sword Thou villain Capulet! Hold me not Prove that the lords will run into a fight with each other without a second thought. The princes character is a total contrast to any other character that has entered the scene so far. Whereas the servants, Tybalt and the lords were all out of control and pretty irrational, the prince is in control of the situation from the moment he enters the stage to the moment he leaves. He has controlling authority over every other person in the scene. When the prince says his speech he is forceful and rational, although still angry, and uses words instead of actions to get the attention of the brawling citizens, such as rebellious subjects, enemies to peace The princes brief appearance in the play has a great impact on the rest of the play, dictating the future of anyone who disobeys his orders, and as no one else in the play is of higher authority, this is of great importance The type of language that the prince uses in his speech is a lot more developed than the language the other characters have previously used in the play. His language is descriptive and reflects the image that the audience might get of the prince, civilised and sophisticated. The prince uses imagery to describe certain aspects of the two families behaviour and the consequences that follow, as he poetically describes the amount the blood loss between the families as purple fountains issuing from your veins You men, you beasts that quench the fire of your pernicious rage is far more civilised than the prince trying to attract the attention of the fighting citizens by saying Oi! Listen to me! For these reasons everything about the way the prince comes across to the audience is a fresh contrast to the other people on the stage. The prince is like a linking paragraph in the play that brings down the high excitement, and acts as a turning point, to focus the audiences attention on another part of the play that follows the princes departure, which is our introduction to Romeo. When Lord and Lady Montague are talking to Benvolio, they give us an idea about Romeos character. The way they talk and express their concerns about him, leads the audience to believe that Romeo is not acting as he normally would. His father, lord Montague, talks of Romeos strange behaviour. Shuts up his windows, locks fair daylight out, and makes himself an artificial night And of other strange behaviour such as Tears augmenting with the fresh mornings dew, adding to clouds more clouds with his deep sighs Benvolio also talks of Romeos strange twighlight wanderings and tells Romeos worried parents Towards him I made, but he was aware of me, and stole into the covert of the wood Benvolio and Lord and Lady Montague all speak of wanting the old, fun seeking, life loving, bouncy, and cheery Romeo back, instead of this strange moody version that has replaced the original Romeo. In the final part of the scene the audience gets to meet Romeo himself. In the conversation between Romeo and Benvolio, the audience finds out about Romeos idea of what it is like to be in love. The audience finds out why Lord and Lady Montague are worried about their son. Because Romeo thinks he is in love, and in Romeos opinion, being in love means that you are moody and miserable every second of the day that you do not spend with the person you are in love with. Unfortunately for everyone who knows Romeo, the person he thinks he is in love with does not love him back. This means that Romeo is hiding behind his idea of love, and he knows this, using fancy language that a normal person would not normally use to explain to his cousin how he feels. Shell not be hit by cupids arrow And the fact that in strong proof of chastity well armed from lovers weak childish bow she lives uncharmd Meaning that the woman Romeo thinks he loves has sworn to live without the love of a man, means that Romeos fake sorrow that he has because he thinks he is in love is made worse because of the way she has sworn to live her life. The audience also find out about Romeos views on this woman When she dies a total waste of this with beauty dies beautiful woman her store He thinks that when this woman is so beautiful that to live in chastity would be a waste of her beauty, as she could never pass this beauty on through her children. Shakespeare chooses to make Romeo speak in a poetic, dramatic way that would make anyone depressed, and expresses that Romeo is feeling depressed and moody. The oxymorons that Shakespeare gives him show that Romeo is mixed up. No one understands the idea of love, saying, O heavy lightness, serious vanity, but Romeo speaks so many that he goes over the top with his mixed-up, confused side, which shows that Romeo doesnt really feel the feelings he is showing. Romeo walks into a scene that has just seen such hatred and destruction that Romeo feels so out of place, when all he feels is love. He also talks of love as an illness, Bid a sick man in sadness make his will. Ah, word ill urgd to one that is so ill! and uses classical language making references to Cupid and the goddess of love, Diana, which are both connected to love and show that Romeo is educated and from a rich family. The two different versions of Romeo and Juliet, Act 1 scene 1 directed by Franco Zefferelli in 1968 and Baz Luhrmans idea are two completely different films! Franco Zefferelli chose to portray the story in Shakespeares time and he kept an authentic feel to the story, starting with a birds eye view of a dulled, misty city with traditional, classical music that first gives the idea of traditional settings. A deep, soothing male voice speaks the sonnet at the beginning of the film, as a body-less over voice. The idea of the middle-aged male reciting the sonnet is maybe to suggest that Shakespeare himself is the speaker and this makes the film seem a lot more professional. In contrast to the traditional setting of the Zefferelli version, the Baz Luhrman version of the love story starts with the sonnet being read by a softly spoken female reporter as the camera zooms in on the TV screen. As soon as the reporter finishes speaking, fast camera shots of a modern, hi-tech city are relayed on screen showing statues and the names Montague and Capulet in lights. At the same time, a new voice, this one male, starts to recite the sonnet again over loud, booming and dramatic music. Several important words, picked out from the sonnet, flash across the screen to create an impact and attitude that is carried on throughout the rest of the film. All of these effects make the opening minutes of the film, before we even meet any of the characters, dramatic and unforgettably gripping, a stark contrast to Franco Zefferellis quiet, atmospheric version. However, both versions are equally successful in capturing the audiences attention. Zefferelli then goes on to show an old fashioned traditional castle. As the camera swoops over it down to an old market square showing a typical Italian scene, soft, calm music is replaced by the loud hustle and bustle of the market. He introduces the servants from the Montague side, dressed in smart brightly coloured uniforms to show unity and pride for the Montague household. On the other hand, Luhrman introduces his Montague side rather differently. He goes straight to a camera shot of the back of an open top car. The servants are wearing brightly coloured casual open shirts, leaning out of the car showing little regard for their employer, the Montague family. Zefferelli starts the fray between the two houses almost immediately. The Capulet servants, dressed smartly but in a contrasting colour to the Montagues, laugh as the squabbling continues. This shows the light-heartedness of the present situation. Luhrman also distinguishes the two households servants by the way they dress. The Montagues brightly coloured and casual, the Capulets smart and crisply dressed in black, looking serious and very menacing. Unlike the light heartedness shown in Zefferellis film, Luhrman expresses a threatening, menacing and dangerous atmosphere when the two houses have their argument in the petrol station. This is also a completely different setting to the courtyard market. When Zefferelli introduces Benvolio and Tybalt, Benvolio makes himself heard over the crowd, and stumbles into the scene. Tybalt struts through the parting crowd, keeping aggressive eye contact with anyone who looks his way. Tybalts clothes are also very impressive, all black, loose, relaxed and casual. Benvolios clothes are tight and pristine, and his body language reflects the same tense, nervous atmosphere around him. Benvolio uses a very small timid voice when he confronts Tybalt, who uses a deep, strong voice. Luhrman introduces Benvolio and Tybalt, again, in a different way. Two feet dressed in smart black boots step out of a car, and the crunch as one of the metal covered heels steps onto a cigarette is emphasised to build up tension and atmosphere. This is our first view of Tybalt. Luhrman would have introduced him in this way to keep the air of mystery, and to keep viewers wondering who this person is. Then we have the confusing, fast slung, and shouted words of insult by the servants of each house, before Benvolio comes back from the toilet. Benvolios loud emphasis on words as he tries to part the brawling servants soon dies away as Tybalt as struts into the conflict, and as Benvolio suddenly quietly speaks his words of peace, nervousness comes through.

Montana Plants & Native Americans Essay -- essays research papers

Montnana Plants & Native Americans   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Since the beginning of the human race mankind has depended on the natural resources in their environment for survival. They utilized the available flora to nourish their body, heal their wounds, comfort their ailments and to create products to ease their daily lives. Many of the same plants utilized thousands of years ago by the indigenous people have been integrated into modern day medicines. The scientific interest and knowledge of plants for nourishment, healing, and practical uses is called ethnobotany.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The multiple use of plants used for nourishment, medicinal purposes and practical use were ignored by Lewis and Clark during their monumental trek across the United States. Rather than consider the Native Indian’s use of native plants they persisted on using Dr. Rush’s Thunderbolt pills that probably caused more problems than the condition that inflicted them. Many modern day cultures continue to ignore native remedies and have come to depend on synthetic pharmaceutical drug production. In recent years the wealth of indigenous knowledge has been acknowledged revealing the use of native plants and the importance it had in the survival of indigenous people.. Pharmaceutical companies have utilized the immense knowledge of the indigenous people and their use of natural plants. The application of natural plant species have revealed the main reasons mankind has survived into present day. Following is a few of the plants, their application and their specifi c purposes. Kinnikinnick Arctroaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Common Name: Bearberry This plant has a variety of names through out Montana. This plant grows in poor soil composing mostly of sand or gravel and is commonly found near Ponderosa Pine trees. Kinnikinnick and Bearberry are the most commonly used names in western society. The word kinnikinnick meaning that which is mixed, is derived from the Algonkian Indian’s language. Other versions came from western hunters who called it larb, Canadian traders called it sacacommis or sagack-homi, and the Europeans called it bearberry.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The American Indians mixed Kinninninnick leaves with tobacco to lessen the strength and add flavor to their strong tasting tobacco. Flathead Indian, John Pelkoe, explained ... ...ong, and shorter stalks are 20-100mm long. The flower length from the axils are one to three centimeters long. The optimum flowering time is from May through August. The fruit are pod shaped with seedlings coiled into two to three spirals with a strong net vein three to four millimeters long (montanaplant-life.org).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Where noted information was derived from, http://www.montanaplant-life.org Retrieved 3-19-2004.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   All other information was derived from: Hart, J. Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples. Helena. Montana Historical Society Press. 1992.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Hawthorne The Myth of the Docile Worker Essay

Review This journal begins with an introduction to the infamous Hawthorne experiments led by Elton Mayo and Fritiz J. Roethlisberger. These experiments were based on Mayo’s belief in the need to shift the focus of management from a scientific approach to one that valued human relations. The Hawthorne experiments surfaced as the pioneer studies of it’s time in human management psychology. The results developed a theory known as the â€Å"Hawthorne effect† in which many have incorporated to form the fundamentals of modern day human relations in commerce. Roethlisberger described the â€Å"Hawthorne effect† as an awareness from the working class when special attention is given by their managements thus bringing about a positive change in productivity. Today, the â€Å"Hawthorne effect† is even equated as simply treating employees well. Bramel is critical when pin-pointing the flaws of the theory. Being unconcerned over the methodology and accuracy of the experiments, he gives Mayo the benefit of the doubt and instead questions in particular two aspects of the theory. The first of which is the assumption that workers are easily manipulated by their higher managements to become constructive and cohesive with their fellow workers thus increasing productivity regardless of the working environment or economy. The second assumption being, conflict between management and it’s workers are due to external factors and downplays the fact that conflicts of interests between the two parties is inevitable. The truth remains that the firm is exploitive in it’s capitalist nature, managers will constantly seek to increase productivity whereas workers will always look out for their own economic interest. Bramel’s interpretation of the Hawthorne effect puts into play the fact that the capitalist recognizes that human relations is important. However, he puts it sharply that Mayo’s interpretation of the management- worker relationship is that of a myth, and is not relevant to all managements and cannot be used as a textbook answer towards dealing with workers. Bramel is not the only one who is critical when it comes to the Hawthorne effect theory. Richard Gillespie, 1991, presents us with the most balanced view he strongly disapproves with the Hawthorne effect theory that satisfied employees are productive employees. Instead, he believes the Hawthorne effect is subject to the interpretations by the various experts who manage the situations and apply the theory on their workers to achieve the results they require. I believe the question now lies, how can managements change their worker’s attitudes to achieve a trusting and productive worker? A review of : Bramel, D. (August 1981). Hawthorne, the Myth of the Docile Worker, and Class Bias in Psychology. American Psychologist, Volume 36(8) pp. 867-878. Oreg and Berson note that careful selection process when selecting personnel eliminates negativity in workers and helps bring together like minded people who are passionate about their jobs and look for work satisfaction. (Oreg and Berson, 2011) In this way, class biases and the conflict of interests between managers and workers is reduced. Managers can expect to achieve their desired results and produce a motivated workforce. Managers can expect to maximise the capacity and performance of their human resources by orientating their workers to familiarise them with the company’s goals, objectives and vision, help their workers understand the constant changes and demands of their job requirements and minimises misunderstanding and conflicts in the workplace. In other words, by setting performance expectations that correspond with the worker’s value systems help managers shape their employee’s attitudes. (Oreg and Berson, 2011) Armed with such valuable information, managers who relay their expectations and keep an open channel of communication between themselves and their workers, allow workers to achieve their targets using their best possible means in the the ways most comfortable to them. Integrating workers into the firm is crucial. By providing a flexible and comfortable work environment, managers are able to fully achieve productivity by allowing each worker to be individualistic and reach their full potential. (David Fairhurst, 2010) David woods agrees that complex management hierarchies should be removed and employees are looking for the freedom of speech and their opinions to be valued by managements. He illustrates that in order to retain the best talents, modern managements are to be less oppressive in their management styles and provide more engaging benefits. Employees appreciate the transparency help in management and no longer feel that the firm is looking to exploit them, rather to reward performance based or meritocracy. (David woods, 2010) Wayne Gwilym the HR director of insulation firm Rockwool is one such manager. â€Å"I am a change manager†, Gwilym states. A decade ago, the workers were negative and demotivated when Gwilym took over HR operations of the family based business. Today, Gwilym boasts of the transformation that the Rockwool workforce has gone through and has become a valuable asset to the company. The answer for Rockwool’s workforce transformation presented to us by Gwilym was simple. It was to get the HR team, managers and their workers to work together to develop employment policies as a collaborative effort and expedite it’s implementation. Today, Rockwell strongly believes that a motivated workforce who trusts and looks forward to the business’s future success is one of the forces driving the business forward. Gwilym is a change manager who sees the importance of giving his worker’s stretching targets and establishing a cost cutting project (Harrington, Sià ¢n, 2010) A survey based research conducted by Anne Delarue, Geert Van Hootegem, Stephen Procter and Mark Burridge on teamwork and organizational performance go hand in hand with the concepts as explained to us by Gyilym. The authors suggest that an A review of : Bramel, D. (August 1981). Hawthorne, the Myth of the Docile Worker, and Class Bias in Psychology. American Psychologist, Volume 36(8) pp. 867-878. inclusive human resource system which emphasizes on teamwork, will have a positive effect on employee’s job satisfaction, commitment and motivation. These factors in turn lead to an improvement in employee attitudes and organizational performance. The journal points out that it is important for managers to discover how and why employees behave and perform the way they do. (Anne Delarue, Geert Van Hootegem, Stephen Procter and Mark Burridge, 2008) Bramel’s speculations in the Hawthorne effect theory involving the myth of the docile workers and that class biases do exist is one that I believe holds substance even in our day and age. Further research into the factors as pointed out by Bramel drive the same point home, class biases will continue to exits due to the capitalist nature of the industries and that workers are also humans whose mental state cannot be controlled and is difficult to predict. In today’s context, management sees the importance of a changing and flexible management that places importance in the welfare of it’s workers in order to obtain maximum productivity. Our society’s demanding and constantly changing expectations requires mangers to step up to the challenge to become a change manager who can adapt and find a balance between the expectations of the employers and it’s employees. Management styles will continue to vary and change, however, one fact remains, it is the managers’ duty to employ management techniques to reduce and eliminate threats to the firm. By narrowing down the factors that causes negativity in the workplace, managers can prevent workers’ counteractive mentalities and detrimental company cultures from taking seed. As quoted from Leo Burnett, â€Å"When you reach for the stars you may not quite get one†¦ But you won’t come up with a handful of mud either†. And I believe this is the mindset managers should have when working with their workers bearing in mind that the workforce are the ones who make or break a firm. As quoted from Will Hutton, â€Å"Human resources play a crucial role in the transformation of an industry – but only if it embraces the challenges.† (Will Hutton, 2010) A review of : Bramel, D. (August 1981). Hawthorne, the Myth of the Docile Worker, and Class Bias in Psychology. American Psychologist, Volume 36(8) pp. 867-878. Resources: Richard Gillespie, (1991). Manufacturing Knowledge: A history of the Hawthorne experiments†. Cambridge University Press. Shaul Oreg & Yair Berson, (Autumn 2011 ). Leadership and employees’ reactions to change: The role of Leaders’ personal attributes and transformational leadership style. Personnel Psychology, Vol. 64 issue 3, pp. 627-659. Fairhurst, David, (Nov 2010). We’re in danger of losing sight of the fact employees are human beings rather than, well, human resources. Human Resources. Human Resources. pp. 15-15. David Woods, (Nov 2010). HR Lessons†¦ From history. Human Resources. pp. 62-62. Harrington, Sià ¢n, (Nov 2010). Order out of Chaos. Human Resources. pp. 29-31. Anne Delarue, Geert Van Hootegem, Stepjem Protec & Mark Burridge, (2008). Teamwork and organizational performance: A review of survey-based research. International Journal of management reviews, volume 10 issue 2, pp. 127-148 Will Hutton, (Nov 2010). We cannot wish back into existence factories and steel mills that have been closed over the past 40 years. Human Resources. Pp 22-22.

A critical evaluation of impressive burgers approach to expanding their operation

A critical rating of Impressive Warren burgers approach to spread outing their operationImpressive Burgers PLC so is a fast nutrient concatenation that faced stiff competition from its client and must therefore maintain quality merchandises that are served in good clip to the clients. Due to an addition in its clients, Impressive Burgers PLC will necessitate to spread out its operations. Prior to making so, the fast nutrient concatenation will hold to transport out a feasibleness survey to set up the best schemes to use in spread outing its operations. Presently the bing clients are contending for the limited resources in footings of infinite and fast nutrient merchandises. Most of the clients complain that they seldom get their fast nutrient solutions met due to the limited bill of fare pick. Therefore, Impressive Burgers PLC will see increasing its bill of fare to provide for a big figure of its clients. Customers are so diverse and necessitate to be given a big assortment of picks . What one client may wish, another may loathe. All these should be considered by Impressive Burgers PLC in spread outing its operations. Impressive Burgers PLC intends to spread out its operations from the bing mercantile establishments, they have decided to engage an operations director to help in the jobs they are holding before they embark on enlargement. The first undertaking that the operations direction is required to make is the designation and the rating of the fast nutrients organisation ‘s enlargement attack. Designation of the grounds behind PLC ‘s enlargement jobs and doing recommendations based on the point identified. Harmonizing to Krajewski, Ritzman and Malhotra ( p.112 ) , the operations of a house are determined by the house ‘s effectivity in pull offing its resources. The house will hence be able to pull off its available resources for the enlargement of its operations into other aspects. Possibly the first measure in its enlargement would be to measure the figure of clients who walk into the house ‘s eating houses in the busiest subdivision. This should so be further divided into clients who eat within the premises and those who opt for takeout fast nutrient merchandises. After finding the figure of clients and their several categories, Impressive Burgers ‘ operations director should so reexamine the bill of fare in footings of the clients ‘ positions on it. This will affect undertaking a squad of cunning misss who will near the client with a questionnaire and fill in the questionnaire after the client has finished his nutrient. It would give an indicant of which bill of fare is the best and which one is the worst among those that are presently being offered. Operationss in an organisation are the duty of the operations director, fundamentally operations involves the direction of the production of goods and services. The direction of operations involves the embrace of the organisations design, planning of all operations, control and the betterment of public presentation and the preparation of operations scheme. The duties of this place affect the direction of the human resource, the direction of this resource is of import as the manner in which they are handled greatly find the success of the organisation. The operations ‘ place entails the direction of the organisations ‘ assets ; assets straight determine the production procedure of the organisation. The edifices, equipment, vehicles and even the stock are used in the production of the organisations goods and services. Proper usage of the assets means that the organisation reduces on the running cost, the proper usage of energy, from electricity to fuel used for warming or cookery is of import at the nest eggs made on assets are a net income to the organisation. Proper direction of the assets means that they cut their outgos and they avoid wastes of natural stuff in production. The operations arm of the organisation is involved in the direction of cost, they are responsible for the effectual direction of running costs of the organisation ; the production of the goods and services and the bringing of these goods and services to their consumers. Harmonizing to Barnes ( p.56 ) , the operations direction of fast nutrient eating house is gauged by its ability to efficaciously implement a thorough system of self-audits. Furthermore, the operations director should see developing the staff adequately on the best methods before spread outing the operations of Impressive Burgers PLC. This will guarantee that adequate capacity has been built prior to spread outing substructure and operations in general. At this point, the operations director would prefer to take stock of the staff Numberss and compare this with the clients that they serve. This would efficaciously take to the director finding the best manner of guaranting that the caput count is all right. In add-on, the operations director should besides guarantee that the kitchen installations are at a good province and run into the demands of the catering section. New equipment may be acquired. Finally, before implementing the enlargement, the operations director should develop a manual that stipulates how to execute fundamentally all undertakings within the fast nutrient concatenation. This manual will be used as a processs book to steer the current and new employees on the best patterns that should be utilized in developing first-class fast nutrient solutions. This will so be followed by a complete makeover of the fast nutrient eating house. The makeover will imply geting new seats and spread outing the bing sitting country to guarantee that more clients are accommodated at any given clip. Furthermore, the clients should be informed prior to this since the enlargement will impact the fast nutrient eating house ‘s operations for a twosome of yearss as the redevelopments and enlargements go on. It will merely be just to give a month ‘s notice, therefore guaranting that the clients are good informed beforehand. This may be done via the media or through postings and hoardings. Impressive Burgers PLC should besides offer a broad scope of fast nutrient merchandises and more menu solutions. This will guarantee that the fast nutrient giant serves the demands of its diverse clients. A limited bill of fare frequently turns off the clients as they seek other eating houses that offer a broad assortment of picks. Impressive Burgers PLC will hold to put in client ailments or suggestion box at the entryway of the eating house. Similarly, clients who are infuriated by the service offered to them should be handled on the topographic point and taken to a separate room where they will be offered with particular advice. This war room should be located within the eating house and should hold a dedicated staff to cater for the few complains that may be witnessed. Shim and Siegel ( p.44 ) insinuates that many organisations are so caught up in quandary when it comes to guaranting that the house efficaciously implements its enlargement schemes. The key to the success of Impressive Burgers PLC would be first-class client service. Therefore, this should be at the dorsum of every head when finding the enlargement schemes. The client is the most of import individual to be considered in spread outing the operations of Impressive Burgers PLC. Hence, it is imperative that the operations director develops a prescribed manner of managing clients therefore debaring any client ailments that may ensue in the procedure. It is so true that client service is the lone manner to guaranting that the house succeeds in its quest to stand out in the fast nutrient industry. Therefore, it is of import for the house to guarantee that there are effectual ways of pull offing enlargement schemes. Impressive Burgers PLC should spread out to new mercantile establishments by first of all bettering its operations in the current subdivisions. This will guarantee that the company emerges a success in its operations and therefore giving the best fast nutrient solutions to its clients. Rationale behind the company ‘s jobs and suggestionsImpressive Burgers PLC faces a myriad of jobs, most of which emanate from within. First and first, the company faces the job of limited bill of fare solutions. As discussed earlier, fast nutrient clients frequently seek a broad assortment of bill of fare which are largely alien in nature and unique to each client. This is because ; the clients have been to other fast nutrient eating houses and have tasted different bill of fares. They therefore seek a alone bill of fare. Most of the clients who frequent Impressive Warren burgers have complained of eating the same nutrient ever. They seek different bill of fare that will offer them a alone experience. Hence, Impressive Burgers should seek and present more bill of fares into their operations to guarantee that clients have a broad assortment of picks. The principle behind this job is that there is deficiency of flexibleness and inventions. The burden of guaranting that there is equal bill of fares solutions lies with the operations director who is charged with the duty of introducing and presenting new bill of fare into the fast nutrient eating house ‘s operations ( Slack, Chambers and Johnston, p.38 ) . This would guarantee increased success in footings of functioning clients and guaranting effectual systems for prolonging the fast nutrient eating houses. The end of Impressive Burgers is the proviso of fast take away nutrient to their clients rapidly and of a higher quality to that of their challengers. They foremost set out with a common bill of fare for all their eating houses who offered a simple bill of fare construction with a pick of six set repast options.Burger, Chips & A ; Soft DrinkCheese Burger, Chips & A ; amp ; Soft DrinkChicken Burger, Chips & A ; amp ; Soft DrinkVegetarian Burger, Chips & A ; Soft DrinkThe picks were served with picks of sizes ; regular, medium or big for each repast. The size of the french friess and drinks parts varied but the Burger size remained the same. Using this format they were able to function each client their order within 4 proceedingss from an ordination at the boulder clay to having their complete order to take away. Impressive Burgers end was met because they efficaciously served they client in 4 proceedingss, the unvarying repasts meant that the client was in a place to do a speedy order based on anterior cognition of the bill of fare. Fixed bill of fare meant that there was uniformity in their concatenation of eating houses, fixed repasts reduced on telling clip and the readying clip ; this earned them a good repute as a fast nutrient articulation and hence increasing their client base. The addition in clients meant that they had good net income borders that enabled them to spread out. They added more eating houses and more picks of nutrient on the bill of fare to give their consumers assortment and to provide for the wellness scruples clients. The scheme of impressive Burgers to spread out was good at the clip, as they felt assurance in the market. Following the enlargement of the eating houses, they were an immediate diminution in the overall public presentation of their program and net incomes started worsening with a loss in the loom. On the other manus, there have been complains from the clients sing the mode in which the staff act towards the clients. There have been studies of agitated and ill-mannered staff that are frequently insensitive to the clients ‘ demands. Harmonizing to the operations director, the staffs are underpaid therefore offering service that does non run into the criterions of a quality fast nutrient eating house. Staff may be heard hulling abuses at each other and frequently click when they are asked a inquiry by the client. This issue of staff agitation may be addressed by presenting a codification of moralss that will adhere the wonts and operations of each staff member. Stern disciplinary action should be taken against any staff member that contravenes the codification of moralss. In consequence, this would guarantee that staff members do non exhibit their differences in the unfastened. Staffs who are found to be misconducting even after subscribing the codification of moralss should hence be dismissed summarily. Similarly, first clip errors should justify warnings. The other solution to bad staff behaviour would be to present a system of self-audits where other staff would be able to measure the behaviour of the others through a good co-ordinated procedure. In other words, the procedure would be carried out often and staffs who are implicated continuously by the remainder should be summoned and reprimanded efficaciously. Harmonizing to Schroeder ( p.67 ) , concerns should implement the best patterns that are formidable to the public presentation of the company. Impressive Burgers PLC besides faces a major job with the orders made by clients. Staffs frequently have jobs presenting the requested orders ; the orders are either uncomplete or wrong, therefore taking to a waste of clip by the helping staffs. The sum of clip taken to function clients has increased enormously to 9 proceedingss from the old 4 proceedingss. Most of the clients are happening it hard to wait that long as evidenced by the frequent walk outs. It is so shocking that clients should wait for that long earlier being served. Possibly the best manner to cover with this job would be to develop the staff adequately on the ways of covering with the clients ‘ petitions. Customers ‘ petitions should be compactly acted upon. The staffs should be retrained by the operations director on the best patterns. Furthermore, the staffs should be made to be accountable for their errors. This manner, they will be able to take orders right and accurately. This will cut down the hold clip between the clip that the client makes his order to the clip they receive it. The operations director should see a alteration of staff functioning the clients. This will possibly guarantee that the clients are served with qualified and capable staffs. Capable staffs should be able to cut down the holds between the order clip and the clip the clients receives their orders. The job of waste has every bit aggravated within Impressive Burgers PLC. There is a deficiency of a clear waste direction system. It is frequently to meet foul odor at the dorsum of the eating house which is as a consequence of ungathered refuse. Waste direction is imperative since it ensures that there is sufficient direction of the refuse that emanates from the fast nutrient eating house. This is an of import portion of the operations direction ( Johnston, p.13 ) . The solution to this would be to consequence an effectual waste direction system that would guarantee that there is a waste direction system. Bettering overall operationImpressive Warren burgers should so accommodate schemes that would be imperative in bettering its overall operations. The steadfast intends to open up new subdivisions fast nutrient ironss across the state. The house will necessitate to transport out a feasibleness survey. There are several ways in which the operations can be expanded in bettering its overall enlargement scheme. It is imperative that the enlargement procedure is successful by all agencies. The overall operations would be improved by foremost guaranting that there is a clip frame to the enlargement plan of the fast nutrient eating house. Allocating a specific clip will assist maintain path of the advancement that has been made by the operations director in the enlargement of the house ‘s operations. There should so be a set of protocols that will regulate the enlargement of the fast nutrient concatenation. In bettering the overall operation, the operations director will further guarantee that there are equal staffing demands to run into the operational demands of the fast nutrient concatenation eating house. The figure of staff should be equal to be able to manage the enlargement undertakings of the house. Furthermore, the staffs should be adequately trained to be able to manage the undertakings sufficiently and with accomplishment. This will non merely limit waste, but guarantee that the undertakings associating to the enlargement of the fast nutrient concatenation are being performed professionally. There should be a good organized concatenation of bid that will steer the operations of the enlargement enterprises. Bettley, Mayle and Tantoush ( p.79 ) reveal that houses should be advanced in guaranting that they adequately meet the market demands and present first-class client solutions. The incorporation of healthier repasts in the bill of fare and a assortment of picks of nutrient in the bill of fare, attracted more clients to the eating houses. The enlargement of the eating houses did non besides involve the enlargement of the installations ; the Numberss of the workers remained the same. This meant that the same figure of workers had to utilize the same readying machines to fix more and varied repasts. At the same the assortment of repasts attracted more clients ; the same figure of workers had to function a larger figure of clients. This meant that the functioning times had increased dramatically and it now took an norm of 9 proceedingss for a client to be served. The figure of client ailments has increased ; the chief ailments include ill-mannered and agitated staff and incorrect or uncomplete orders. The ground for rude and agitated workers was the fact that they had to do more repasts with fewer resources while functioning more clients. Both client and worker were non satisfied, the worker felt over worked, the assortment in orders and the figure of clients meant that orders were served incorrect with losing ingredients or they were incorrect orders. The deficiency of an enlargement of the equipment and the add-on of the workers together with the varied bill of fare meant that the helping clip for any bill of fare doubled. Customers now complained of a whole nine proceedingss from order to functioning compared to their earlier record of four proceedingss, and even longer if the order was incorrect. The ailments of the client agitated the worker, the workers had to cover with a more complex bill of fare, the ratio of client to worker was immense, the force per unit area on the worker was great, and this caused agitation in them. The agitated worker so passed their defeat onto the client, the client felt insulted and this caused them to go forth the eating houses, doing a diminution in ingestion. Another ground for the diminution in concern was the fact that the quality of nutrient in the eating houses declined, the direction stuck to their old modus operandi of telling for goods one time in a hebdomad, while their demand for the resources increased as clients increased. They had targeted the wellness witting clients with healthier nutrients, but these nutrients are merely good if they are fresh, a wellness witting client requires fresh green goods. Foods that are delivered one time a hebdomad are non considered to be fresh. The 2nd fact was that workers were non able to work with the limited installations ; this implied that there were high losingss in the kitchen. More green goods was ordered for but they had to hive away in the same iceboxs. The demotivator workers could non bring forth quality nutrient from the fact that they were tired from the big bill of fares that required excessively many inside informations. With their productiveness down the workers served hapless quality nutrient that was both non fresh but besides severely prepared. A deficiency of using more workers to fulfill the increasing figure of consumers meant that, the workers could non efficaciously function them and the same clip maintain up with their responsibilities. This meant that the hygiene of the constitution went down. Poor hygienic criterions, bad nutrient and hapless services lead the clients to be dissatisfied. These factors lead to the diminution of the clients, a diminution in the clients and a combination of losingss from waste lead to low net incomes. In decision, Impressive Warren burgers would be able to spread out into opening new subdivisions of the fast nutrient eating houses. The fast nutrients concatenation will accomplish this through holding trained staff and adequate fiscal resources. Hence, Impressive Burgers will be able to form a perfect mix of new schemes aimed at bettering the operations of the house. The house will besides be able to cut down waste and clip taken to function its clients efficaciously. This will give the house an border against its rivals. Plants CitedBarnes David. Operations direction: an international position. Edinburgh: Cengage Learning EMEA, 2008. Bettley Alison, David Mayle, and Tarek Tantoush. Operations direction: a strategic attack. Boston: Sage, 2005. Johnston Robert. Cases in operations direction. 3rd erectile dysfunction. London: FT Prentice Hall, 2003. Krajewski Lee J. , Larry P. Ritzman, and Manoj K. Malhotra. Operations Management. 9th erectile dysfunction. Sydney: Prentice Hall, 2009. Schroeder Roger G. Operations direction: modern-day constructs and instances. 3rd erectile dysfunction. Washington: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2007. Shim Jae K. , and Joel G. Siegel. Operations Management. New York: Barron ‘s Educational Series, 1999. Slack Nigel, Stuart Chambers, and Robert Johnston. Operations direction. 5th erectile dysfunction. Berlin: Prentice Hall/Financial Times, 2007.

The Boy Without a Name by Allan Ahlberg and Back in the Playground Blues by Adrian Mitchell Essay Example

The Boy Without a Name by Allan Ahlberg and Back in the Playground Blues by Adrian Mitchell Essay Example The Boy Without a Name by Allan Ahlberg and Back in the Playground Blues by Adrian Mitchell Paper The Boy Without a Name by Allan Ahlberg and Back in the Playground Blues by Adrian Mitchell Paper Essay Topic: Black Boy Literature From the poems that I have studied I feel that the feelings conveyed by the poets show a mixed view of school days. In both The Boy Without a Name by Allan Ahlberg and Back in the Playground Blues by Adrian Mitchell, a negative outlook on school is shown but in the poem In Mrs Tilchers Class by Carol Ann Duffy, a much more positive vibe is being sent out about school. In the poem A Boy Without a Name, the speaker is the bully. The bully is looking back at his school experiences and he remembers a boy who everyone ignored because he had a skin condition. As he reflects on this he realises that he cannot remember the boys name. The title clearly confirms this statement. The fact that the speaker can remember the names of other children and not the name of his victim shows the inhumanity of the bully when he was younger and how he treated the boy as if he were inferior to himself. The structure of the poem is consistent throughout. The rhythm of the poem is steady; this is possibly to show the consistency of the bullying that the boy received. The poem has limited rhyming. This is probably because the poem is similar to a speech and the speaker would prefer to keep the rhyming in the poem as subtle as possible so as not to take the seriousness away from what he is talking about. The language that Ahlberg uses emphasises the rejection experienced by the boy. The fact that the children would only be seen sharing a ruler under protest gives us a good understanding of how the boy was treated on a daily basis. Also, the language used is of a remorseful nature as the speaker, who is now an adult, is looking back and thinking, I hope his mother loved him, indicating that during the victims childhood no one else did. The way the speaker described the severity of the boys skin condition as red and raw also shows the sympathy that he has for the boy now. It expresses how bad the boys medical condition was and how serious it was, it is a key comparison to the treatment that the boy received by his peers. It helps us to visualise the horror of the boys condition, which again, helps us to understand and to sympathise with the victim. The poem Back in the Playground Blues is similar to The Boy Without a Name in the sense that it portrays a negative image of school. This poem is about the school playground. In this case it is known as the Killing Ground due to the severe bullying which the Rulers inflicted on their victims, for no apparent reason. This poem describes the feelings of one particular victim. The structure of this poem is interesting, as it does not stay the same throughout. The rhythm of the first stanza is slow to show that the person is reflecting back on their childhood. Also, the shorter sentences are said separately to emphasise the weakness of the victim. The second stanza is said softly and timidly to show the vulnerability of the victim. The rhythm in the third stanza is said as a singsong or taunt at the victim. It is reinforcing the reasons why the person gets bullied on to them. Get it for being chicken Get it for fighting back are good examples of what may have been said by the bullies. This shows how the victims were taunted. The final stanza of the poem is a conclusion of the rest of the poem. We can see this in the line, It prepares them for a lifetime. The last stanza is also said like a rhyme to get at the victim. It is said deeply to add a chill to the poem. The rhythm is a key factor in this poem as it sets the mood and tone. In the third stanza, which is almost like a taunt, we get a sense of how the bullies victimised the boy. The language that Mitchell has used shows great emphasis on the fear experienced by the speaker. The language used shows a great sense of fear, vulnerability and unexpectancy. Words such as black and broken create a sense of darkness and violence. The fact that the playground id described as three miles long and five miles wide shows how vulnerable the speaker feels, as we know that these measurements were merely exaggerated to show the great fear that the victim is feeling. The title of the poem also suggests that it was a time of oppression for the speaker as the word blues originates from the era of black slavery in America. The blues was a type of music created by the black slaves as their way of expressing their sadness and oppression on the injustice towards themselves. In the poem, In Mrs Tilchers Class the outlook of school life is completely different to the previous two poems. It sends out a message that school is a good place. The speaker in this poem has had happy experiences in school compared to the previous two speakers. This poem is about a child who is influenced by their schoolteacher but with time they mature and feel that they do not need school and are impatient to be grown. The structure of this poem stays consistent. This may be used to show the stability of school compared to the outside world and also to show that school is a regimented place and has set rules and guidelines. The language used is very childlike and immature at the beginning of the poem. Words such as sugar paper and coloured paper represent the innocence of the child and show how naive the child is. In this poem we can see that by using these words that the child sees school as a place of enjoyment rather than of work. Although the poem is quite childlike, there are many mature words such as enthralling and tangible, which shows that the person is speaking when they are much older and it shows how much the person has matured since the time that the poem is set. It also shows that the person has now been educated enough to not want to attend school or possibly to leave school as they can express themselves using a wider vocabulary for example. The uses of childhood images are very effective. The phrase shed left a good gold star by your name, almost brings you back to your own childhood when you had similar experiences. Duffys use of these images makes it easier for the reader to relate to the experiences of the speaker. The huge jump from childhood straight to adulthood is put in to show how quickly children grow up. One day they are in school getting gold stars and the next day they are at the stage where they hate school and they feel that they are too mature to go to school and they become more independent and rebellious. This poem sends this message out to all who read it. The poem has a steady rhythm, which again is used to create a sense of stability and regimentation, which is a key part of school especially primary school. After studying these three poems, I feel that the statement, school days are the best days of our lives could easily be argued both ways but I feel in the case of the three poems the bad experiences override the good experiences of school days and so on the basis of the three poems that I have studied I feel that this statement could be well argued and firmly backed up by evidence from the poems.

Alliteration

Alliteration Alliteration Alliteration By Simon Kewin A couple of previous Daily Writing Tips posts looked at when to use rhyme in poetry and also at the various types of rhyme available to the poet. Rhyme, however, is only one of the techniques employed in poetry to make its language special. Another basic one is alliteration. Alliteration is defined by the Compact Oxford Dictionary as : The occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words. For example, these lines are from Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s The Rime of the Ancient Mariner : Water, water, everywhere, And all the boards did shrink; Water, water, everywhere, Nor any drop to drink. Here, the w sounds in the first and third lines alliterate, as do the d sounds of â€Å"drop† and â€Å"drink† in the fourth. Alliteration is just one technique employed by poets, who combine it as needed with rhyme, rhythm, imagery and so forth. It’s another way to give a poem structure, to mark out its language as special and musical. The ear will tend to pay special attention to alliterated syllables, and to hear a connection between them. It’s worth noting that in Old English or Anglo Saxon poetry, alliteration was the principal structural technique. There was no regular rhyme or rhythm – instead, poetry was (generally) written so that lines contained four stresses, the first three of which alliterated. There was no attempt to create end-rhymes or even to have lines of the same length. The following lines, for example, are from Beowulf (as translated by Seamus Heaney) : There was Shield Sheafson, scourge of many tribes, A wrecker of mead-benches, rampaging among foes. In the first line, three sh and s sounds are stressed and (loosely) alliterate (Shield/Sheafson/scourge). In the second line, it’s the m sounds (mead/rampaging/among). Two other related techniques to be aware of in relation to alliteration are assonance and consonance. Assonance is similar to alliteration except that it refers to repeated vowel-sounds rather than repeated consonant-sounds. For example, there is the repeated ur sound in this line from Edgar Allan Poe’s The Raven : And the silken sad uncertain rustling of each purple curtain Consonance, finally, is very similar to alliteration. Strictly speaking, repeated consonant-sounds at the start of words are alliteration, and repeated consonant-sounds in the middle of words are consonance. Thus in the line â€Å"Water, water, everywhere†, Coleridge has used both alliteration and consonance. The next in this series of poetry-related posts, meanwhile, will look at metre. Stay tuned. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Dialogue Dos and Don'ts"Certified" and "Certificated"1,462 Basic Plot Types

Information Technology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Information Technology - Research Paper Example The results of the research showed that information technology is an ever-growing professional field which has increased the demand of IT professionals all over the world. Information technology is one of the most progressive professional fields of the present world. It mainly refers to the use of computer systems and networks for storing, processing, and retrieving data or information required to run different business processes. Earlier, the use of the term ‘Information Technology’ was limited to banks and hospitals where employees needed to store and retrieve information on regular basis to perform different activities. With the increase in the use of information technology in every field of life, the need of information technology professionals also rose at a great pace. Today, one can observe that almost every university of the world offers different course related to information technology and more and more people are getting admission in those courses to become information technology experts. Basic education for all IT professionals is almost same, which is graduation in computer sciences. However, specialization courses may differ for each field of study. People who want to establish their careers in computer programming usually do Bachelors in Computer Sciences as this course contains all necessary subjects related to computer programming. On the other hand, people who want to become software engineers usually do Bachelors in Software Engineering which contain all subjects related to system engineering,

Fingerprinting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Fingerprinting - Essay Example The use of fingerprints is primarily important in identification of criminals in forensic sciences who has to have their fingerprints saved in the criminals database, but the drawback is the crime's scene prints distortion and difficulty in retrieval. Fingerprints are also an important asset to highly secure companies and banking systems. Such identifications with many others such as eye scan and voice recognition are used to verify a person's identity and cross-reference him. Finger Identification can be used on a more sophisticated level of security as mentioned by Tom Gillespie 2005; a fingerprint reader used as a switch, a standalone lock that uses a fingerprint instead of a keypad and a security case opened by a fingerprint reader. It is also was a suggested to use those identification marks present on the finger prints to help track kids when they are lost, though some parents do not agree on the principle of using the same technology used for criminals identification. This must not be an issue when the safety of the children is the main concern of all parents. (Lisa P. White) Many scientists came across finger prints discussing their presence and describing them in different manners, and some describing the patterns of them, but it was not till 1880 that Faulds had described their importance as personal identification marks through his studies and research. On 1882 Thompson was the first U.S citizen that has printed his thumb print to ensure ethnicity of a paper. And on 1883 Mark Twain identified the first criminal using fingerprint identification. Types & methods of obtaining finger prints According to Eric Brown, 1990, there are three types of finger prints; visible (also called patent prints), impression (also called plastic prints), and latent prints. All can be obtained but in different methods. Visible can be photographed directly, impression need special lightning to make it visible, latent need special methods to become visible by physical , chemical, and instrumental techniques. Latent finger prints are composed mainly of sweat and other organic compounds like amino acids, glucose, lactic acid, peptides, ammonia, riboflavin, and isoagglutinogens as well as inorganic chemicals like potassium, sodium, carbon trioxide, and chlorine. It is those chemicals that react by one of those techniques to help make the latent finger prints visible. (Eric Brown, 1990) A person with no prints Researchers recently unraveled two diseases that can actually cause a person to be finger print-less. The two diseases are Naegeli syndrome and dermatopathia pigmentosa reticularis (DPR) both caused by a defect in the keratin protein number 14. "The defect induces the body to mark cells in the upper layers of the skin for death. As a result, people with these afflictions lack fingerprints.." Those results were published in the American Journal of Human Genetics. (Scientists Unravel Mystery of People with No Fingerprints) Where does finger printing stand in the forensic sciences Finger printing left its impressions in forensic sciences over the years to be a helpful aid to humanity in many aspects. Many crime scene investigators start with this basic information collection as a start to help them have an initial starting point to their investigations. Finger printing was the first to